Intra-uterine device
What is it and how does it work?
A small plastic and copper device, which is fitted into the womb (it used to be called a "coil"). The IUD has one or two soft, thin threads on the end, which hang a little way down from the womb into the top of the vagina.
The main way an IUD works is by stopping the sperm reaching an egg or may stop an egg from settling in the womb. The IUD is fitted by a trained doctor or nurse, and can stay in for 3-10 years.
What are the advantages of it?
It works for 3-10 years and you don't have to think about contraception for as long as it is in place. However the IUD does not protect you against sexually transmitted diseases, so you may need to use condoms as well. It doesn't interfere with sex.
Possible side effects
Disadvantages of the IUD include:
- possibility of heavier, more painful periods (this may improve after a few months)
- possibility of infection in the first 20 days after the IUD being put in
- possibility of the IUD being pushed out by your womb (this is called "expulsion") or can move ("displacement"). Your doctor or nurse will teach you how to check your IUD threads every month to ensure it is still in place
- on rare occasions, the IUD can perforate the womb or cervix when it is fitted. If this happens the IUD may have to be surgically removed.
Who can use them?
Not everyone can use an IUD, and a doctor or nurse will ask you about your own, and your family's medical history. You should mention any illness or operation you have had.
Where can you get them from?
Family planning clinics, sexual health clinics and some GPs will fit IUDs.
There are different types and sizes of IUD - different types suit different women.
The doctor or nurse will examine you internally to find the position and size of your womb before they fit an IUD, and will ensure there is no chance that you are already pregnant. Sometimes they will check for any possible existing infection.
You will need to have your IUD checked by a doctor or nurse 4-6 weeks after it is put in and then once a year after that. An IUD can stay in for 3-10 years depending on the type, although a trained doctor or nurse can take the IUD out at any time.
How effective is it?
The IUD is 98 - 99% effective.
Contacts
The contacts database contains details of organisations that may be able to offer information or assistance on this issue.
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Other forms of contraception:
Adapted from information produced by the FPA - www.fpa.org.uk
