Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
What is it?
Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a vein (most commonly in the leg). It is a relatively rare condition, but can be serious, even fatal.
Who is at risk?
The risk of DVT increases if a person:
- is over 40
- is obese
- is pregnant or has recently had a baby
- is taking HRT or the contraceptive pill
- has a personal history of family history of blood clots
- has cancer, heart disease, circulation problems, blood disease or has had recent surgery (particularly on the hips or knees).
DVT has been linked to long periods of immobility (for example, on a plane, in a car, on a train). DVT has been particularly linked to long haul air flights (longer than 5 hours). DVT can occur days or even weeks after travel took place.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of DVT include swelling, pain or tenderness, and redness in the affected area (usually the back of the leg below the knee). If you begin to display these symptoms seek medical attention immediately.
DVT is most dangerous if the blood clot makes its way to the lungs where it can then affect the person's ability to take in oxygen (called a "pulmonary embolism"). In severe cases it can then cause the lungs to collapse and heart failure.
Occasionally, there are no obvious symptoms of DVT until pulmonary embolism develops but, fortunately, this is rare.
What can be done to lower risk?
If you are in a high-risk group, consult your GP before flying.
During long distance travel (particularly long haul flights):
- avoid crossing your legs
- every half hour or so, bend and then straighten your legs, feet and toes, and rotate your ankles
- when safe to do so, take occasional short walks up/down the cabin, stretching your legs and arms
- keep hydrated by drinking plenty of water or fruit juice, and avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks
- wear comfortable, loose fitting clothing
- wear elastic compression stockings.
Contacts
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